Los trastornos vocales de los profesores : un estudio de casos en los profesores de Ed. Música, Ed. Física y Ed. General Básica del Colegio Adventista Porvenir
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Fecha
2018
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Al ubicar a la docencia en el segundo grado de profesión que utilizan más la voz según el centro para los desórdenes de voz de la universidad Wake Forest (2011) y además un estudio realizado en 2014 ACHS, dirigido a determinar la prevalencia de disfonía en profesores de colegios de la comuna de Santiago y factores de riesgo asociados, demostró que el 75,5% de los profesores evaluados presentaron alteraciones en su voz, sobretodo en el desarrollo de la profesión de Educación Básica; se puede decir que no hay conocimientos sobre lo que implica utilizar la voz gran parte del día y menos aún saber cómo ésta debe ser utilizada, es por esto que se presenta la pregunta, ¿La técnica vocal que posee un profesor afecta en los trastornos que esta misma pueda tener?
Frente a estos hechos se decidió evaluar a los profesores de música, general básica y educación física del colegio Adventista Porvenir, por medio de un enfoque de metodología de tipo mixta ya que se utilizarán herramientas como un cuestionario que se aplicará a 10 profesores de las asignaturas mencionadas y una observación de clase a 8 de los encuestados, para que por medio de una rúbrica, poder diagnosticar su voz; por otra parte, se realizará una pequeña entrevista a 3 de los 10 profesores ya antes mencionados enfocada a conocer más sobre sus experiencias con la voz al ser docentes. Con un paradigma de tipo post positivista se encuentra una investigación de tipo descriptiva en el cual no se manipula ninguna variable de la muestra seleccionada.
Estos tres instrumentos de evaluación pudieron dar luz a que efectivamente no hay conocimientos acerca de cómo se utiliza de manera correcta la voz, dando resultados bastante bajos en algunos casos en las observaciones de clases, sin embargo en otros casos, en los cuales tenían una noción bastante básica sobre
lo que es la salud y técnica vocal, no presentaban mayor problemas en los ámbitos de postura, respiración, pero si los demostraron en menor cantidad en el trabajo del diafragma y la proyección de la voz, haciendo notar que, aunque ahora no presentan mayores problemas, seguramente en los próximos años se verán mayores problemas, sobre todo en aquellos que fuman.
Con la investigación presentada se concluye que hay muchas variantes en cuanto a la voz de los profesores y los daños que esta pueda tener, sin embargo, se ve un bajo conocimiento en cuanto a la técnica que ellos mismos deberían tener, es por esto que se creó un video disponible en youtube, el cual ayuda a que los profesores entiendan más sobre este tema que acontece a gran parte de la población.
By placing the career of teaching in the second grade of professions that use the voice the most, according to the center for voice disorders at Wake Forest University (2011), and also a study conducted in 2014 ACHS, which aimed at determining the prevalence of dysphonia in teachers who worked at schools of the commune of Santiago and associated risk factors, showed that 75.5% of the evaluated teachers had alterations in their voice, especially those dedicated to the Basic Education profession; It can be said that there is no knowledge about what it means to use the voice much of the day, and even less, to know how it should be used. Therefore the question that arises is, do the vocal techniques that a teacher has affect the dysfunction that the same may have? With these facts, we proceeded to evaluate the music, basic general and physical education teachers of the Seventh-day Adventist school, by means of a mixed-type methodology approach since both the quantitative method tools will be used; a questionnaire applied to 10 teachers of the mentioned subjects and a class observation to 8 of the respondents, so that by means of a rubric, to be able to diagnose their voice; On the other hand, tools of the qualitative method, a small interview with 3 of the 10 teachers already mentioned, focused on knowing more about their experiences with the voice as teachers. With a paradigm of a postpositivist type, there is a descriptive research in which no variable of the selected sample is manipulated. These three assessment instruments shed light on the fact that there is indeed no knowledge about how the voice is used correctly, giving rather low results in some cases in class observations. However in other cases, in which they had a quite basic notion about what is health and vocal technique, they did not present major problems in the fields of posture and breathing, but they did show them in a smaller amount in the work of the diaphragm and the projection of the voice, noting that, although they don’t present major problems now, surely in the coming years, they will indeed show major problems, especially in those who smoke. With the research, it is concluded that there are many variants regarding the teachers’ voice and the damages that this may have. However, there is a low level of knowledge regarding the technique that they themselves should have, this is why a video was created and is now available on YouTube, which helps teachers understand more about this issue that happens to a large part of the population.
By placing the career of teaching in the second grade of professions that use the voice the most, according to the center for voice disorders at Wake Forest University (2011), and also a study conducted in 2014 ACHS, which aimed at determining the prevalence of dysphonia in teachers who worked at schools of the commune of Santiago and associated risk factors, showed that 75.5% of the evaluated teachers had alterations in their voice, especially those dedicated to the Basic Education profession; It can be said that there is no knowledge about what it means to use the voice much of the day, and even less, to know how it should be used. Therefore the question that arises is, do the vocal techniques that a teacher has affect the dysfunction that the same may have? With these facts, we proceeded to evaluate the music, basic general and physical education teachers of the Seventh-day Adventist school, by means of a mixed-type methodology approach since both the quantitative method tools will be used; a questionnaire applied to 10 teachers of the mentioned subjects and a class observation to 8 of the respondents, so that by means of a rubric, to be able to diagnose their voice; On the other hand, tools of the qualitative method, a small interview with 3 of the 10 teachers already mentioned, focused on knowing more about their experiences with the voice as teachers. With a paradigm of a postpositivist type, there is a descriptive research in which no variable of the selected sample is manipulated. These three assessment instruments shed light on the fact that there is indeed no knowledge about how the voice is used correctly, giving rather low results in some cases in class observations. However in other cases, in which they had a quite basic notion about what is health and vocal technique, they did not present major problems in the fields of posture and breathing, but they did show them in a smaller amount in the work of the diaphragm and the projection of the voice, noting that, although they don’t present major problems now, surely in the coming years, they will indeed show major problems, especially in those who smoke. With the research, it is concluded that there are many variants regarding the teachers’ voice and the damages that this may have. However, there is a low level of knowledge regarding the technique that they themselves should have, this is why a video was created and is now available on YouTube, which helps teachers understand more about this issue that happens to a large part of the population.
Notas
Tesis (Profesor de Educación Musical para la Educación Preescolar y Básica, Licenciado en Educación)
Palabras clave
Trastornos de la Voz, Investigaciones, Profesores, Estudio de Casos